Written by Daniel Myers, Lic. RE Salesperson, RealtyUSA.com
In theory, an appraisal is an independent evaluation of a property by a neutral third party to determine its likely worth in the open market.
In practice, it has become the final word on a property’s worth, overriding the agreement between a willing buyer and seller.
Appraisals are rarely ordered for cash transactions. Why? Because the buyer has already reviewed the recent sales comparables and negotiated the best terms he/she could with the seller before arriving at the final sales price. Of course, the same is performed by professional Realtors on financed transactions to protect both buyer and seller. Appraisals are requirements of (most) financed transactions because they are really not for the benefit of the buyer. They are an added layer of protection for the lender that is putting up the bulk of the purchase money. Certainly an understandable requirement from an institution that is taking on the risk of lending money against a property that may or may not represent suitable collateral, depending on the drooling factor of the buyer. The bank requires an appraisal to validate the purchase price before ponying up the cash; makes perfect sense.
Tightened appraisal standards came to pass, including restrictions placed upon direct selection of appraisers (most orders go to faceless appraisal management companies now, who in turn select the appraiser.
The appraiser is now free to perform his evaluation in an ivory tower, unencumbered by the incentive-laden hands that would pull at him to bring in a value reflective of the sales price.
By using the veto power of the underwriter review, banks may demand that an appraisal which came in at value be reworked to use different comps or adjustments made to the physical attributes of the house that they dispute (square footage adjustments, etc). They may demand that adjustments (downgrades) be made for market trends, etc.
In short, some bean counter in an office in South Dakota is dictating the final version of the appraisal to the licensed professional who has actually physically viewed, measured, photographed and evaluated the property.
What? Really... (you are thinking)....YEP.
This is how appraisals that initially come in at $400,000, only to get knocked down to $350,000 upon underwriter review. And when that happens? You get to appeal the appraisal … to the very institution responsible for the final disparity in value.
Akin to taking one’s death sentence appeal to the hangman himself. Good luck with that!
Appraisers have little choice but to comply if they want to keep their accounts with the big banks in good standing. Further, until the underwriter signs off on the appraisal, it really doesn’t matter what value is reflected in it. He decides the house isn’t worth what you are paying for it, your loan is compromised. Unless the seller agrees to sell the property to you at the reduced price (unlikely in a market that is now generating bidding wars) or you have additional cash to plunk down to make up the difference, you are out the cost of the appraisal, inspections and emotional investment in the property.
What’s the best way to insulate yourself from the risk of an appraisal fiasco?
1. Be cautious of inflating offers too much with the addition of seller’s concessions. If the comparison homes used in an appraisal are in tight supply, the concessions may create a problem with loan to value.
2. Also be cautious of including a large value of personal property in the sale of the home such as dining room sets and other expensive personal items. These items will be backed out of the appraisal value and may complicate matters.
3. The further the loan to value ratio gets pushed toward 100%, the greater the risk of appraisal issues. There is less “borrowers skin in the game” from the banks perspective.
4. Buying highly “unique” properties, such as over-improved homes or those with very few such as multiple dwelling structures on one lot can also be extremely difficult to find comps for. The appraiser may be put in a difficult position, unable to find comparisons that the bank will accept.
These are just some of the challenges to our new real estate economy. All the more reason to be guided by an experienced Realtor who can use their experience to navigate the experience as your advocate.